Yeast infection or genital herpes? How to tell the difference.

Why it’s so easy to confuse them

Both herpes and yeast infections can cause itching, redness, and general discomfort in the genital area. If you’re experiencing symptoms for the first time and don’t know what you’re looking at, it’s natural to feel confused, and a little panicked.

Here’s the reassuring part: once you understand the key differences, they’re actually pretty easy to tell apart. And if you’re still not sure after reading this, the best move is always to see a doctor. No Googling can replace an actual diagnosis.

Herpes vs. yeast infection: Side-by-side comparison

Let’s start with the big picture. Here’s a quick reference table comparing the two:

The single biggest tell? Blisters or sores. Yeast infections don’t cause blisters. If you see small, fluid-filled bumps or open sores, that points toward herpes. If you see redness and swelling with a thick white discharge but no blisters, that’s much more likely a yeast infection.

What a herpes outbreak looks and feels like

A genital herpes outbreak typically follows a recognizable pattern:

1. Prodrome (warning signs): Before any visible sores appear, many people experience tingling, burning, or itching at the site where the outbreak will occur. Some people also feel shooting nerve pain in the thighs, buttocks, or lower back. This early warning phase is called prodrome and usually lasts a few hours to a couple of days.
2. Blisters appear: Small, fluid-filled blisters form in clusters on or around the genitals, buttocks, or thighs. These blisters are usually painful to the touch.
3. Blisters break open: The blisters eventually rupture, forming shallow ulcers or open sores that may ooze or bleed slightly.
4. Healing: The sores crust over and heal, usually within 2–4 weeks for a first outbreak and faster for recurrent ones.

During a first outbreak, some people also experience flu-like symptoms, fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes. Recurrent outbreaks are typically milder and shorter.

An important distinction: herpes sores are painful, not just itchy. If the dominant sensation is burning pain or tenderness (especially at specific spots), that’s more consistent with herpes than a yeast infection.

First outbreak vs. recurrent outbreaks

If this is your first-ever herpes outbreak, it’s likely to be the worst one. First outbreaks tend to be more painful, last longer (2–4 weeks), and may come with flu-like symptoms like fever and body aches. This can make it even harder to tell what’s going on, because the intensity can feel alarming.

Recurrent outbreaks, by contrast, are usually shorter (3–7 days), milder, and limited to a smaller area. Over time, most people find their outbreaks become less frequent and less severe as their immune system learns to keep the virus in check. Many people eventually stop having noticeable outbreaks altogether.

What a yeast infection looks and feels like

Yeast infections have their own distinct set of symptoms:

• Intense itching: This is usually the most prominent symptom, persistent, sometimes maddening itching of the vulva and vaginal area
• Thick white discharge: Often described as looking like cottage cheese. This is one of the clearest signs of a yeast infection and something herpes does not cause.
• Redness and swelling: The vulva may appear red, swollen, and irritated
• Burning during urination: This can happen if irritated skin comes in contact with urine
• Discomfort during sex: Due to inflammation and sensitivity

Crucially, yeast infections do not cause blisters, sores, or ulcers. If you don’t see any blisters but you do see redness, swelling, and cottage cheese-like discharge, a yeast infection is the more likely culprit.

Yeast infections aren’t sexually transmitted, they’re caused by an imbalance in your body’s natural flora. Common triggers include antibiotics, hormonal changes (like pregnancy or your menstrual cycle), diabetes, a weakened immune system, and even wearing tight, non-breathable clothing.

Can you have both at the same time?

Yes, and this is one of the reasons it can get confusing. It’s entirely possible to have both a herpes outbreak and a yeast infection simultaneously. A herpes outbreak can sometimes disrupt the vaginal environment enough to trigger a yeast infection, or the stress and medications associated with managing herpes can contribute to yeast overgrowth.

If you’re experiencing symptoms that don’t neatly fit one category, say, you have both blisters and unusual discharge, it’s worth seeing a doctor to check for both conditions at once.

Other conditions that can look similar

Herpes and yeast infections aren’t the only things that can cause genital discomfort. A few other conditions to be aware of:

• Bacterial vaginosis (BV): Causes a thin, grayish discharge with a fishy odor. No blisters or cottage cheese-like discharge. Treated with antibiotics.
• Contact dermatitis: An allergic reaction to soaps, detergents, or personal care products. Causes redness, itching, and irritation but no blisters or abnormal discharge.
• Ingrown hairs or razor bumps: Can look like herpes blisters, especially after shaving. These are usually isolated bumps rather than clusters and don’t recur in the same pattern.
• Chlamydia or gonorrhea: Can cause discharge and discomfort, but typically present differently. Testing is the only way to confirm.

Bacterial vaginosis in particular can be confused with a yeast infection because both involve unusual discharge. The key difference: BV discharge is thin and grayish with a noticeable fishy smell, while yeast infection discharge is thick, white, and usually odorless.

The takeaway: when in doubt, get tested. A quick doctor’s visit can save you a lot of unnecessary worry.

How each condition is diagnosed

If you go to a doctor with genital symptoms, here’s what to expect:

For herpes:

• A visual examination of any sores or blisters
• A swab test of an active sore (viral culture or PCR test), this is the most reliable method when sores are present
• A blood test (IgG antibody test) to check for HSV-1 or HSV-2 antibodies, which can confirm past infection even without active sores

For yeast infections:

• A pelvic examination
• A sample of vaginal discharge examined under a microscope (a “wet mount”)
• A culture of the discharge to identify the specific type of Candida

If you’re not sure which one you have, tell your doctor. They can test for both at the same visit.

Treatment: How they’re managed differently

Because herpes is a virus and yeast infections are caused by fungus, the treatments are completely different:

Herpes treatment:

• Antiviral medications like valacyclovir (Valtrex), acyclovir, or famciclovir
• Can be taken during outbreaks to shorten duration, or daily as suppressive therapy to reduce transmission risk
• No cure, but outbreaks typically become less frequent and milder over time

Yeast infection treatment:

• Antifungal medications, many are available over the counter (Monistat, Diflucan)
• Creams, suppositories, or a single oral dose depending on severity
• Most clear up within a few days to a week

Using the wrong treatment won’t help and may delay proper care. Antifungal cream won’t do anything for herpes, and antivirals won’t touch a yeast infection. This is another reason an accurate diagnosis matters.

Prevention tips for each

To reduce herpes outbreaks:

• Daily suppressive antiviral therapy (talk to your doctor)
• Managing stress and getting enough sleep
• Recognizing your prodrome symptoms so you can avoid contact during active periods
• Using condoms to reduce transmission risk

To reduce yeast infections:

• Wear breathable, cotton underwear
• Avoid douching and scented products in the genital area
• Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly
• Take probiotics, especially during or after antibiotic use
• Manage blood sugar if you have diabetes

When to see a doctor (don’t skip this)

See a doctor right away if:

• This is the first time you’ve had these symptoms, a proper diagnosis now saves you from guessing later
• You’re not sure whether it’s herpes or a yeast infection (or something else entirely)
• Over-the-counter yeast infection treatment isn’t working after a few days
• Symptoms are severe, significant pain, high fever, difficulty urinating
• You’re pregnant, both conditions require careful management during pregnancy
• You’re experiencing frequent recurrences of either condition (more than 4 times a year)

There’s no shame in asking for help. Doctors see both of these conditions every single day. A quick appointment can give you clarity, the right treatment, and a whole lot of peace of mind.

The emotional side: It’s okay to feel overwhelmed

If you’re reading this because you’re worried about what’s going on with your body, I want you to know: whatever this turns out to be, you’re going to be okay. Both herpes and yeast infections are incredibly common and very manageable.

If it turns out to be herpes, know that about 1 in 6 Americans ages 14–49 have genital HSV-2, and when you include HSV-1, roughly half of all adults carry some form of the herpes virus. You’re not alone in this, not even close. And it doesn’t define you, your worth, or your future relationships.

If it turns out to be a yeast infection, you’re in good company there too, about 75% of women will experience at least one in their lifetime.

Either way, the first step is the same: get a proper diagnosis so you can get the right treatment and stop worrying. You’ve got this.

Want more support? Download our free e-book for practical guidance on navigating herpes with confidence, or check out coaching for one-on-one help.